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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PEEo-KUEnu_5Sdae92ETwHJeEAEwy6yy/edit?usp=share_link&ouid=109474854956598892099&rtpof=true&sd=true Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect in sound TYPES OF WAVES A wave is disturbance that propagates in space, transports energy and momentum from one point to another without the transport of matter. The ripples on a water surface, the sound we hear, visible light, radio and TV signals are a few examples of waves. There are two types of wave. Mechanical Waves : Require material medium (elasticity and inertia) for their propagation. These waves are also called elastic waves, water waves and sound waves are example of mechanical waves. They are of two types : Transverse and longitudital. Comparison between the two is given there : Transverse Longitudinal Particles of the medium

Chap-12 - Waves Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect in sound TYPES OF WAVES A wave is disturbance that propagates in space, transports energy and momentum from one point to another without the transport of matter. The ripples on a water surface, the sound we hear, visible light, radio and TV signals are a few examples of waves. There are two types of wave. Mechanical Waves : Require material medium (elasticity and inertia) for their propagation. These waves are also called elastic waves, water waves and sound waves are example of mechanical waves. They are of two types : Transverse and longitudital. Comparison between the two is given there : Transverse Longitudinal Particles of the medium vibrate at right angles to the direction of wave motion Particles of the medium vibrate in the direction of wave motion Part

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_LxoBKPniUQ3MCoSblWccy-G3PlrxmH5/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=109474854956598892099&rtpof=true&sd=true Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion (S.H.M.) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring - restoring force and force constant; energy in S.H.M. - kinetic and potential energies; Simple pendulum - derivation of expression for its time period; Free, forced and damped oscillations, resonance. Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of a wave. Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, Standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics, Beats, Doppler effect in sound PERIODIC MOTION The motion which repeats itself after a fixed interval of time, is called periodic motion, e.g., the motion of earth around sun. Oscillatory Motion If a particle moves back and forth (or to and fro) over the same path periodically then its motion is said to b

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SxCwaMe40jDQmCeWcBUP61t1NDUi1gr7/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=109474854956598892099&rtpof=true&sd=tru cooling Heat transfer can take place from one place to the other by three different processes namely conduction, convection and radiation. HEAT CONDUCTION Conduction usually takes place in solids. Steady State When heat conduction takes place across say a rod of certain material, the state at which each cross-section of rod is at a constant temperature (which is different for different sections) is called steady state. The bar does not absorb any heat, and if the rod is completely lagged then the heat entering one end is equal to the heat leaving other end. Law of Conduction l T1 ⇒ A T2 x dx Rate of heat flow across any section is given by dQ = kA dT CHAPTER COVERS : Heat Conduction Steady State Thermal Resistance Series and Parallel Rods Formation of Ice Layer Convection Radiation Kirchhoff's Law Stefan's Law Newton's Law

https://docs.google.com/document/d/138MFpB2WKxnY4QckyPoa97KHwtiEeM2s/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=109474854956598892099&rtpof=true&sd=true of state, latent heat; Thermal equilibrium, Zeroth law of thermodynamics; Heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics; Carnot engine and its efficiency HEAT When a hot body is kept in contact with a cold body, there is a transfer of energy from hot body to cold body. The energy transferred is called heat. ZEROTH LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS : If a body A is separately in thermal equilibrium with body B and body C then B and C are also in the thermal equilibrium. “Two bodies which are in thermal equilibrium are said to have equal temperatures”. Thermal Expansion When the temperature of a body increases, its size increases. Coefficient of linear expansion is given by CHAPTER COVERS : Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Apparent Expansion of a Liquid Specific Heat Molar Specific Heat Latent Heat Internal Energy First Law of α = ΔL L

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1y6a4mUO7JPKWshljwV-gUOZji9ssee9J/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=109474854956598892099&rtpof=true&sd=true Bulk modulus, Modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and its applications. Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number. Bernoulli’s principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension - drops, bubbles and capillary rise. Surface energy and surface tension angle of contact application of surfactonsia drops, bubbles and capilars rise. INTERATOMIC AND INTERMOLECULAR FORCES The force between molecules of a substance is called intermolecular force. THIS CHAPTER COVERS : Inter-atomic and Inter-molecular U F r forces Hooke’s law Moduli of Elasticity Cohesion and r Adhesion Surface tension and surface energy The above graphs show the variation of potential energy and force with interatomic or intermolecu

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1y6a4mUO7JPKWshljwV-gUOZji9ssee9J/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=109474854956598892099&rtpof=true&sd=true Bulk modulus, Modulus of rigidity. Pressure due to a fluid column; Pascal’s law and its applications. Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, streamline and turbulent flow, Reynolds number. Bernoulli’s principle and its applications. Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, application of surface tension - drops, bubbles and capillary rise. Surface energy and surface tension angle of contact application of surfactonsia drops, bubbles and capilars rise. INTERATOMIC AND INTERMOLECULAR FORCES The force between molecules of a substance is called intermolecular force. THIS CHAPTER COVERS : Inter-atomic and Inter-molecular U F r forces Hooke’s law Moduli of Elasticity Cohesion and r Adhesion Surface tension and surface energy The above graphs show the variation of potential energy and force with interatomic or int

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1P_3cloNnI8-1h-af5lH1wrDmmTcCrvkC/edit?usp=share_link&ouid=109474854956598892099&rtpof=true&sd=t variation with altitude and depth. Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity. Orbital velocity of a satellite. Geo-stationary satellites. UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION Newton’s Law of Gravitation Gravitational force between two points masses or spherically symmetric m1 and m2 separated by distance r is F = Gm1m2 . r 2 G = Universal gravitational constant = 6.67 × 10–11 Nm2kg–2, [G] = [M–1L3T–2] ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY Acceleration produced in a body due to earth’s gravitational pull is called acceleration due to gravity. As gravitational force on a body of mass m placed at the surface of earth is F = GMm R 2 THIS CHAPTER COVERS : Universal law of gravitation Acceleration due to gravity Gravitational potential Gravitational Potential Energy Escape Velocity Kepler’s laws

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dN9n7oo0sYE6nlAs_-7YVWxQTMRIeVOY/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=109474854956598892099&rtpof=true&sd=true Rotational Motion and Moment of Inertia Centre of mass of a two-particle system, Centre of mass of a rigid body; Basic concepts of rotational motion; moment of a force, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum and its applications; moment of inertia, radius of gyration, Values of moments of inertia for simple geometrical objects, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications. Rigid body rotation, equations of rotational motion. C H A P T E R CENTRE OF MASS It is point in a system which moves as if whole mass of the system is concentrated at the point and all external forces are acting on it. Its position is given by ∑mi xi CHAPTER COVERS : Centre of mass Centre of mass of a rigid body xcm = m1x1 + m2 x2 + + mn xn m1 + m2 + + mn m y + m y + ......... + m y = i =1 M ∑mi yi Velocity and accelerati