Physics-30.24-Physics-Solids and Semiconductors
UNIT 24 - SOLIDS AND SEMICONDUCTORS 1. SOLID STATE ELECTRONICS (SEMICONDUCTORS) (A) Energy bands in solids: (i) In solids, the group of closely lying energy levels is known as energy band. (ii) In solids the energy bands are analogous to energy levels in an atom. (iii) In solids the atoms are arranged very close to each other. In these atoms there are discrete energy levels of electrons. For the formation of crystal these atoms come close together, then due to nucleus-nucleus, electron-electron and electron-nucleus interactions the discrete energy levels of atom distort and consequently each energy level spits into a large number of closely lying energy levels. (iv) The number of split energy levels is proportional to the number of atoms interacting with each other. If two atoms interact then each energy level splits into two out of which one will be somewhat above and another will be somewhat below the main energy level. In solids the number of atoms is very large ( 1023). Hence eac...
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